[room] опять "свобода"

[Michael Shigorin]

	Здравствуйте.
Возможно, будет интересно не только мне, но вообще стыкуется.

http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20070630094005112

Though Stallman didn't give a traditional reason for this, didn't
ground his position in any particular philosophical or ethical
theory, he was in fact a Deweyite. He was in fact saying what
John Dewey had said at the beginning of the 20th century, that
the education and expansion of the human mind depends upon the
opportunity to experiment with the world, that it is the ability
to join forces with the material and immaterial knowledge
surrounding us in the planet which makes our minds grow and
develop.

http://www.bjupress.com/resources/articles/balance/1701.html

Finally, Dewey's first wife, Harriet Alice Chipman, was
antagonistic toward orthodox theology and ecclesiastic
institutions and appears to have influenced his thinking
in that direction.

Dewey's pedagogues, however, had the greatest influence in
shaping his life. [...] While he was a graduate student in
philosophy at Johns Hopkins University, his thinking was heavily
influenced by the following three men: (a) George Sylvester
Morris, who had rejected the religious orthodoxy of his own
"puritanic New England upbringing" and who was secularizing
philosophy, a heretofore theological subject, as quickly as he
could; (b) G. Stanley Hall, who due to growing skepticism had
abandoned theological studies for philosophy and literature, who
had developed a psychological system structured within an
evolutionary framework, and who was strongly advocating
child-centered education; and (c) Charles Sanders Peirce,
generally recognized as the founder of pragmatism, who placed
strong emphasis on scientific methodology.

As a professor of philosophy (and later Chairman of the
Department of Philosophy), he found freedom from the constraints
of theology; however, he still used language which made his
teaching sound theologically correct even though it was not.

[...] He asserted that morality is situational, that beliefs
should be examined scientifically, and that change in belief is
inevitable and desirable. He also rejected philosophical
dualisms, such as the Biblical concepts of a mortal physical body
and an immortal immaterial soul or of men who are eternally saved
and those who are eternally lost. Dewey was personally committed
to organic evolution. He believed that man is simply a complex
animal possessing no inner being and no immortality. [...]

Although he argued that students should be allowed freedom of
thought and should be encouraged to be open-minded, the evidence
indicates that his goal was to get students to give up their
cherished beliefs in order to accept his. [...] His writings
clearly indicate that he believed unequivocally in the validity
of human reason, the ultimacy of science, the certainty of
progress, and the self-sufficiency of man. Dewey could be used as
a classic illustration of a presuppositionalist! The problem is
that he held wrong presuppositions.

If there were any doubt as to whether Dewey's methodology could
be separated from his godless philosophy, Dewey himself should
have settled the question when he wrote that "it is impossible
that [philosophy] should have any success in [its] tasks without
educational equivalents as to what to do and what not to do."

In conclusion, though Dewey professed to believe that education
has no goals beyond the immediate situation, he was not true to
this profession. His goal of societal transformation is clearly
expressed in Democracy and Education: We may produce in schools a
projection in type of the society we should like to realize, and
by forming minds in accord with it gradually modify the larger
and more recalcitrant features of adult society (p. 370). Both
historical and contemporary evidence indicate that Dewey was
ultimately highly successful in accomplishing his true goal.

Пришлось зарегистрироваться на groklaw и немного отписаться.

-- 
 ---- WBR, Michael Shigorin <mike на altlinux.ru>
  ------ Linux.Kiev http://www.linux.kiev.ua/